Every Law the Tax Planner Cites, With Links
The index of federal, state and city law behind Seayora’s tax planning for owners, trusts and REITs — the Internal Revenue Code, Treasury regulations, IRS revenue procedures, publications and forms, and state and city statutes — each linked to the source.
Every strategy, test, deadline and figure in the planner carries its citation, and every citation opens the law itself. The Code links go to Cornell Law School’s Legal Information Institute, which keeps the current text of Title 26; regulations go to the eCFR; revenue procedures, notices, publications and forms go to irs.gov; the 2025 tax law goes to Congress.gov. Federal links were opened on 2026-11-04.
Federal
| Topic | Citation | Read it |
|---|---|---|
| Depreciation and cost recovery | IRC §167, §168(c); IRS Pub. 527; Pub. 946 | 26 U.S.C. § 167, 26 U.S.C. § 168, IRS Publication 527, IRS Publication 946 |
| Bonus depreciation | IRC §168(k)(1), (k)(2)(A)(i), (k)(6) as amended by P.L. 119-21 §70301. | Public Law 119-21 (H.R. 1, 119th Congress), 26 U.S.C. § 168 |
| Changing to the correct depreciation | IRC §446(e), §481(a); Treas. Reg. §1.446-1(e)(2)(ii)(d); Rev. Proc. 2015-13 | 26 U.S.C. § 446, 26 U.S.C. § 481, Treas. Reg. § 1.446-1, Rev. Proc. 2015-13 |
| Cost segregation | IRC §1245; IRS Cost Segregation Audit Techniques Guide | IRS Cost Segregation Audit Techniques Guide (Pub. 5653), 26 U.S.C. § 1245 |
| Mid-quarter convention | IRC §168(d)(3); Treas. Reg. §1.168(d)-1 | 26 U.S.C. § 168, Treas. Reg. § 1.168(d)-1 |
| Repairs and improvements | Treas. Reg. §1.263(a)-1(f), §1.263(a)-3(h), (i) | Treas. Reg. § 1.263(a)-1, Treas. Reg. § 1.263(a)-3 |
| Recapture on a sale | IRC §1245, §1250, §1(h)(1)(E), §1231, §1016(a)(2) | 26 U.S.C. § 1245, 26 U.S.C. § 1250, 26 U.S.C. § 1, 26 U.S.C. § 1231, 26 U.S.C. § 1016 |
| Passive activity losses | IRC §469(b), (c)(2), (g), (i); Form 8582 | 26 U.S.C. § 469, IRS Form 8582 |
| Real estate professionals | IRC §469(c)(7); Treas. Reg. §1.469-9 | 26 U.S.C. § 469, Treas. Reg. § 1.469-9 |
| Material participation | Treas. Reg. §1.469-5T(a) | Treas. Reg. § 1.469-5T |
| Short-term rentals | Treas. Reg. §1.469-1T(e)(3)(ii)(A) | Treas. Reg. § 1.469-1T |
| Net investment income tax | IRC §1411(a)(1), (a)(2), (b). Treas. Reg. §1.1411-4(g)(7) | 26 U.S.C. § 1411, Treas. Reg. § 1.1411-4 |
| The 20% deduction | IRC §199A(b)(2), (b)(3), (e)(2) as amended by P.L. 119-21 §70105; Rev. Proc. 2024-40; Rev. Proc. 2025-32 §4.26.; Rev. Proc. 2019-38; Treas. Reg. §1.199A-2(c) | Public Law 119-21 (H.R. 1, 119th Congress), 26 U.S.C. § 199A, Rev. Proc. 2024-40, Rev. Proc. 2025-32, Rev. Proc. 2019-38, Treas. Reg. § 1.199A-2 |
| Like-kind exchanges | IRC §1031; Treas. Reg. §1.1031(k)-1 | 26 U.S.C. § 1031, Treas. Reg. § 1.1031(k)-1 |
| Installment sales | IRC §453; Form 6252 | 26 U.S.C. § 453, IRS Form 6252 |
| Opportunity zones | IRC §1400Z-2 as amended by P.L. 119-21; Form 8997 | Public Law 119-21 (H.R. 1, 119th Congress), 26 U.S.C. § 1400Z-2, IRS Form 8997 |
| Capital gain rates | IRC §1(h), §1(j)(5); Rev. Proc. 2025-32 | 26 U.S.C. § 1, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 |
| The SALT cap | IRC §164(b)(7) as amended by P.L. 119-21 §70120. | Public Law 119-21 (H.R. 1, 119th Congress), 26 U.S.C. § 164 |
| Pass-through entity taxes | IRS Notice 2020-75 | IRS Notice 2020-75 |
| Energy incentives | IRC §45L as amended by P.L. 119-21; Instructions for Form 8908 (Rev. December 2025); IRS OBBB energy FAQ 1. IRC §179D(i) as amended by P.L. 119-21 §70507; IRS OBBB energy FAQ 1. | IRS FS-2025-05: energy credit changes under P.L. 119-21, Public Law 119-21 (H.R. 1, 119th Congress), 26 U.S.C. § 45L, IRS Form 8908, 26 U.S.C. § 179D |
| Estimated tax | IRC §6654(d)(1)(B), (C) | 26 U.S.C. § 6654 |
| Brackets and standard deduction | Rev. Proc. 2024-40; Rev. Proc. 2025-32 | Rev. Proc. 2024-40, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 |
| Trusts and estates | IRC §1(e), §641–§668, §1411(a)(2); Form 1041 | 26 U.S.C. § 1, 26 U.S.C. § 641, 26 U.S.C. § 668, 26 U.S.C. § 1411, IRS Form 1041 |
| The 65-day election | IRC §663(b); Treas. Reg. §1.663(b)-2 | 26 U.S.C. § 663, Treas. Reg. § 1.663(b)-2 |
| Trust exemptions | IRC §642(b)(1), (b)(2)(A), (b)(2)(B). | 26 U.S.C. § 642 |
| Trust filing | IRC §6072(a); §6034A; Treas. Reg. §1.6081-6; Form 7004 | 26 U.S.C. § 6072, 26 U.S.C. § 6034A, Treas. Reg. § 1.6081-6, IRS Form 7004 |
| REIT qualification | IRC §856(a)(5), (a)(6), (b), (c)(2), (c)(3), (c)(4), (d)(7), (h); §542(a)(2) | 26 U.S.C. § 856, 26 U.S.C. § 542 |
| REIT taxation and distributions | IRC §857(a)(1), (b)(1)-(b)(3), (b)(6), (c); §858; §860; §565; §4981; §301(c) | 26 U.S.C. § 857, 26 U.S.C. § 858, 26 U.S.C. § 860, 26 U.S.C. § 565, 26 U.S.C. § 4981, 26 U.S.C. § 301 |
| REIT dividends on Form 1099-DIV | IRC §199A(b)(1)(B), (e)(3); Form 1099-DIV | 26 U.S.C. § 199A, IRS Form 1099-DIV |
| The 2025 tax law | P.L. 119-21 | Public Law 119-21 (H.R. 1, 119th Congress) |
State and city
| Where | Rule | Citation | Read it |
|---|---|---|---|
| New York | New York does not follow federal bonus depreciation | N.Y. Tax Law §612; Instructions for Form IT-225 (A-209, S-213, S-214); Form IT-398. | Instructions for Form IT-225 (A-209, S-213, S-214), N.Y. Tax Law § 612 |
| New York | New York’s pass-through entity tax (PTET) | N.Y. Tax Law Art. 24-A (§860 et seq.); Art. 24-B. | N.Y. Tax Law § 860 (Article 24-A), Pass-through entity tax (PTET), New York City pass-through entity tax |
| New York | New York real estate transfer tax on a sale | N.Y. Tax Law §1402, §1402-a, §1402-b. | N.Y. Tax Law § 1402, N.Y. Tax Law § 1402-a, N.Y. Tax Law § 1402-b |
| New York | You file a New York nonresident return for these rentals | N.Y. Tax Law §631(b)(1)(A). | N.Y. Tax Law § 631 |
| New Jersey | New Jersey adjusts federal bonus depreciation | NJ-1040 Instructions, Schedule NJ-BUS-1 Part IV and Worksheet GIT-DEP. | NJ-1040 Instructions (Worksheet GIT-DEP) |
| New Jersey | New Jersey’s Pass-Through Business Alternative Income Tax (BAIT) | New Jersey Division of Taxation, Pass-Through Business Alternative Income Tax. | Pass-Through Business Alternative Income Tax (BAIT) |
| New Jersey | New Jersey realty transfer fee on a sale | N.J.S.A. 46:15-7; N.J.S.A. 46:15-7.2 as amended by P.L. 2025, c. 69. | Realty Transfer Fee, N.J.S.A. 46:15-7 (unofficial copy), Graduated Percent Fee memorandum (P.L. 2025, c. 69) |
| California | California does not follow federal bonus depreciation | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §17250(a)(7); Instructions for Form FTB 3885A. | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 17250, Instructions for Form FTB 3885A |
| California | California’s pass-through entity elective tax | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §19900 et seq. | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 19900, Pass-through entity elective tax |
| California | California documentary transfer tax on a sale | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §11911. | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 11911 |
| California | You file a California nonresident return for these rentals | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §17951. | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 17951 |
| Illinois | Illinois adds back federal bonus depreciation | 35 ILCS 5/203(a)(2)(D-15), (Z), (AA). | 35 ILCS 5/203 |
| Massachusetts | Massachusetts’ elective pass-through entity excises | M.G.L. c. 63D; c. 63E (St. 2026, c. 101). | Elective pass-through entity excise |
| Massachusetts | Massachusetts deeds excise on a sale | M.G.L. c. 64D, §1; DOR Directive 89-14. | M.G.L. c. 64D, § 1, DOR Directive 89-14 |
| Connecticut | Connecticut’s pass-through entity tax | Instructions for Form CT-1065/CT-1120SI (Form CT-PET). | Form CT-1065/CT-1120SI Instructions (Form CT-PET) |
| Connecticut | Connecticut real estate conveyance tax on a sale | Conn. Gen. Stat. §12-494; Schedule CT-1040 REC. | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 12-494 (Chapter 223), Schedule CT-1040 REC (the 2.25% rate) |
| Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania realty transfer tax on a sale | Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, Realty Transfer Tax (Tax Reform Code Article XI-C). | Realty Transfer Tax |
| Florida | Florida has no personal income tax on your rentals | Florida Department of Revenue. | Florida Department of Revenue |
| Florida | Florida documentary stamp tax on a deed | Fla. Stat. §201.02(1)(a). | Fla. Stat. § 201.02 |
| Texas | Texas has no personal income tax on your rentals | Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. | Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts |
| Texas | A Texas LLC or partnership that rents property may owe franchise tax | Tex. Tax Code §171.0003; Texas Comptroller franchise tax FAQ. | Franchise tax: passive entities |
| New York City | Holding and renting your own buildings is not subject to the NYC UBT | NYC Admin. Code §11-502(d). | NYC Admin. Code § 11-502, Unincorporated Business Tax (UBT) |
| New York City | New York City real property transfer tax on a sale | NYC Admin. Code Title 11, Chapter 21. | NYC Real Property Transfer Tax |
| Philadelphia | Philadelphia’s Business Income & Receipts Tax applies to rentals | City of Philadelphia, Business Income & Receipts Tax. | Business Income & Receipts Tax (BIRT) |
| Philadelphia | Philadelphia’s Net Profits Tax | City of Philadelphia, Net Profits Tax. | Net Profits Tax |
| Philadelphia | Philadelphia realty transfer tax on a sale | City of Philadelphia, Realty Transfer Tax. | Philadelphia Realty Transfer Tax |
State and city sources were read on 2026-11-04. Some state statute pages are unofficial copies (Justia for New Jersey) and are labeled so; the agency pages beside them are the official word.
Related guides
- Tax Planning for Owners, Trusts and REITs: Lower the Tax on Your Rentals
- Tax Depreciation and Cost Segregation for Rental Property
- Rental Losses, Real Estate Professionals and Short-Term Rentals
- Trusts and Estates That Own Rental Property: Form 1041 and Distributions
- REIT Qualification Tests, Distributions and Form 1099-DIV
- State and Local Tax Rules for Rental Owners: Bonus Add-Backs, Nonresident Returns, PTET and Transfer Taxes
Related features and guides
- Tax Planning for Owners, Trusts and REITs: Lower the Tax on Your Rentals — Documentation. Every lawful way to lower the federal tax on your rentals, measured against your own records — plus tax depreciation and cost segregation, trusts’ Form 1041 and distributions, REIT qualification tests, and the state and city rules where you live and own.
- Tax Depreciation and Cost Segregation for Rental Property — Documentation. How Seayora depreciates each kind of rental property — 27.5 and 39 years, 5, 7 and 15 years — bonus depreciation by purchase date, catching up missed depreciation on Form 3115, and what a sale recaptures.
- Rental Losses, Real Estate Professionals and Short-Term Rentals — Documentation. When a rental loss offsets your other income: the $25,000 allowance and its phase-out, real estate professional status, the short-term rental rule, the seven material participation tests and the 3.8% net investment income tax.
- Landlord Recordkeeping: What to Keep, for How Long, and Why — Guide. How long a landlord should keep tax records, purchase and improvement records, 1099s, leases and screening files, with the federal rules behind each.
- New York Transfer Taxes: State Tax, Mansion Tax and NYC’s RPTT — Guide. Who pays New York State transfer tax, the mansion tax and NYC’s Real Property Transfer Tax, the rate at each price, and a worked $1.5 million example.
- Revenue Forecasting & Market Insight — Feature. Revenue forecasting, market heatmaps, technician leaderboards, and dispute analysis — the analytics that inform hiring, pricing, and where to compete.